Naturalist's collection a gift to people of Bognor

The curator of Natural History at the Portsmouth Museum provided me with an insight into this 'West Sussex naturalist' when he wrote about him in 1974.

Henry was a self-taught natural historian and botanist who lived for 30 years in Bognor recording and collecting plants and wildlife around West Sussex.

He was the eldest child of a Belgian father, Jean Henri Guermonprez, and an English mother, Charlotte Sarah.

Henry was an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1880. However, there appears to be no evidence that he practised this profession.

It would appear that Henry took it upon himself to care for his parents who were ill, and thus survived on a private income.

The family lived in Chelsea and visited Bognor several times finally moving here permanently around 1892.

Their first home was in a terraced house in Albert Road. Following the death of his father, he moved to larger premises, called Dalkeith, in the same road, and where today both houses can still be viewed. Little has changed since the time Henry lived there.

In August 1897, Henry married Clara Sophia Phelps although little is known of her.

Henry Guermonprez had always been interested in natural history, but not until his arrival in Bognor did it become his passion.

His initial collection contained a small amount of material from around the Chelsea area in the 1880s and 90s.

Upon his arrival in West Sussex, he started to exploring and collecting material, all of which is well documented. He also made it readily available to others. He was well known as a skilled taxidermist and his work as a botanist is mentioned in 'Flora of Sussex'.

Henry also discovered the remains of a 13th century chapel at Manor Farm, Nyetimber '“ now Barton Manor, which has now been converted into flats.

He was appointed editor of the Selbourne Notes, a regular weekly article still published in the West Sussex Gazette. This task was ultimately taken over by Martin Venables.

I was interested to read that he was involved in the finding of 90 Bronze Age axes, or palstaves, in the Marshall Avenue area. A paper that he wrote on this find was published in the Sussex Archaeological Collections soon after his death.

As you would imagine from a man who carefully catalogued his collection, and looked after his parents to conserve cost, he also did not like waste and he used whatever materials were to hand to make boxes for his collection; using postcards to make boxes and old letters for labels.

He would also collect drift cork from the beach to mount his stuffed birds on natural material.

He was very much a loner, but would always encourage young naturalists.

His work is not as well known as it should be. This is due in part to the nature of the man '“ quiet, unassuming and 'living a retiring life'.

He also did not have many papers published, which would have ensured his collection would have been more widely known.

For more local history, see here

On his death, the West Sussex Gazette of December 25, 1924, said of him 'the desire of the genuine student to make plain and to share unselfishly with all who sought them, the stores of patiently hoarded knowledge he undoubtedly possessed,' as one of his 'most characteristic of his personal attributes'. The report continued that he '˜lived a retired life'.

For a man so interested in his subject he took no part in the activities of national societies, which were flourishing in what was known as the '˜heyday of the amateur naturalist'.

To assist others he did publish a number of papers for scientific periodicals, but his correspondence appeared to deal only with matters relevant to the subject in hand.

After his death, his collection remained at '˜Dalkeith' under the ownership of his family until February 5, 1943, when a bomb fell in Albert Road near the house causing structural damage and endangering his irreplaceable collection.

The group leader of the Civil Defence Service was on duty and, knowing where the collection was held, he arranged for its temporary housing '“ this was with Martin Venables.

In 1944 the West Sussex County Council accepted the gift from the Guermonprez family, under the guidance of the curator of the Lyon Street Museum, Mr Venables.

In December a reader wrote to the Bognor Regis Post saying, 'it is with great interest that I see that Mr H Guermonprez has offered the contents of his late father's museum to the town'.

The writer continued to explain the contents of this museum, as a 'fine collection, illustrating the natural history of this part of Sussex in all its aspects'.

Much of his collection was housed in the museum in Lyon Street, before the museums final move in 1970 to Chichester Road in Bognor Regis.

While searching the internet for information I came across a paper written by Martin Venables in 1939 about '˜Picking Mine' apparently an old Bognor Industry.

Recalling Henry, Martin Venebles said: 'His enthusiasm was most infectious, his zeal and industry reflected in his enormous collection.' He then recalled it was from Henry that he learned about the Bognor industry, which Henry had explained in one of his Selbourne Notes.

The industry depended on certain natural minerals. It was known as Picking Mine, being an abbreviation of minerals.

The industry had its hey-day between 1850 and 1870. The mineral Bognor's Copperas was transported by colliers beached off Mr Osborn's coal yard, at the seaward end of Lennox Street.

There is more information on the internet on this particular subject. A visit to the West Sussex Record Office in Chichester would provide more information on a subject of which I have little knowledge.

Sadly I can only remember a small part of the Guermonprez collection when it was displayed in the foyer of the Regis Centre, before its removal to Portsmouth, where much of it remains.

I find it astonishing that this collection includes more than 1,800 birds, 85,000 insects, and about 2,000 scientific works on all branches of natural science.